Eastern Mediterranean University (EMU), Faculty of Dentistry academic staff member Assoc. Prof. Dr. Işıl Özgül Kalyoncu released a statement on the occasion of 3rd of December, International Day of Persons with Disabilities, underscoring the importance oral and dental health of individuals with special needs. The said statement by Assoc. Prof. Dr. Kalyoncu reads as follows:
“Oral and Dental Health in Individuals with Special Needs”
“The 3rd of December, International Day of Persons with Disabilities, has been recognized by the United Nations since 1992, as a day to promote global awareness. Its primary goals are to enhance public understanding of the challenges faced by individuals with disabilities, advocate for their rights, and foster social equality. As a dentist with extensive experience in clinical and academic research on the oral and dental health of children with special needs, as well as active involvement in international projects, I would like to draw attention to several key points regarding the oral and dental health of individuals with special needs.
Disability refers to the inability to carry out essential daily activities such as walking, hearing, seeing, breathing, standing, reading, working, speaking, learning, or thinking due to physical or mental limitations. Research by UNESCO shows that approximately 10% of Türkiye’s population consists of individuals with disabilities or special needs. Similar to other parts of the world, individuals with special needs in our country experience various social and health challenges. While addressing their general health concerns, their oral and dental health is often neglected. As a result, individuals with special needs are at a higher risk for oral and dental diseases.
Some individuals with special needs may have difficulty swallowing or chewing, which can prevent them from paying proper attention to oral hygiene. Moreover, certain medications may cause side effects such as dry mouth (xerostomia) or gum issues, which can increase the risk of tooth decay. For individuals with intellectual disabilities, oral and dental health problems can be even more challenging. These individuals may struggle to maintain habits like brushing their teeth or using dental floss, resulting in inadequate hygiene. Furthermore, anxiety or behavioral issues during dental visits can make treatment more difficult. Therefore, it is essential for specialized dentists to identify the oral health needs of individuals with special needs and create practical, sustainable solutions that can be easily implemented by the individuals or their caregivers
To support individuals with special needs in maintaining their oral health, it is crucial to educate them, their families, and caregivers about proper hygiene practices. Instruction on essential habits like tooth brushing and flossing should be provided. Engaging methods such as games or visual materials can make oral health more enjoyable. Additionally, tools specially designed for those with physical limitations can be used, such as toothbrushes with larger handles or electric toothbrushes, which can be specifically helpful for individuals with physical disabilities. Water flossers also provide an effective alternative for those with limited hand coordination.
Regular dental check-ups should be scheduled for individuals with special needs, with preventive treatments included during these visits. Dentists should be mindful of the specific needs of these individuals and create a comfortable environment for them. For those with conditions like autism, where social communication may be challenging, it is important to opt for quiet settings with minimal distractions. Due to communication difficulties or other systemic issues that may accompany disabilities, standard treatment procedures might not be feasible. In such cases, sedation or general anaesthesia may be used for treatment when necessary.
Preserving oral health in individuals with disabilities demands a collaborative approach involving multiple disciplines. Dentists, caregivers, and families should work together to meet the oral health needs of these individuals. By offering proper education, suitable tools, and regular dental check-ups, the oral health of people with disabilities can be improved, thereby enhancing their quality of life. Promoting public awareness and providing specialized services will help ensure these individuals can lead the healthy lives they deserve.”
